Stabilizing silver films for highefficiency fuel cells. Fuel cells are quiet and vibration free to allow a wide range of siting options, and can be used in a wide. School of science and engineering capstone final report. Fuel cell handbook seventh edition national energy technology. To enable the generation of efficient, lowcost electricity with intrinsic carbon capture capabilities for. Those rights affect to the presentation summary of the thesis as well as to its contents. From fundamental principles to complete systems is as a valuable resource for beginners, experienced researchers, and developers of solid oxide fuel cells. The electrolyte is a dense ceramic, usually yttria stabilized zirconia ysz, which is an oxide ion conductor at elevated temperatures. A solid oxide fuel cell sofc is a solid state energy conversion system that converts chemical energy into electrical energy and heat at elevated temperatures. Nov 06, 2019 solid oxide fuel cell sofc program shailesh vora technology manager, fuel cells. Associate professor, mechanical engineering worcester polytechnic institute 10. Solid oxide fuel cell sofc development was first discovered by nernst in 1899 when he introduced zirconia zro 2 as an oxygen ion conductor. Klippenstein notes steadilyimproving electrical efficiency and compatibility with natural gas infrastructure have underpinned solid oxide fuel cells. By avoiding combustion fuel cells produce extremely low levels of nox and particulates.
Materials for lower temperature solid oxide fuel cells. Wpi me graduate seminar series 20192020 application of computational thermodynamics in solid oxide fuel cells yu zhong, ph. Sofc solid oxide fuel cell use solid electrolytes to transport ions, either protonconducting or oxygen ion conducting perovskites as electrode components, sometimes electrolyte usually use either hydrogen gas or natural gas as fuel current operating temperature 700 c 4. Air independent solid oxide fuel cells for nasas lox ch4. These materials are based on glasses and glassceramics in the srola 2 o 3 al 2 o 3 b 2 o 3 sio 2 system. This is the opposite of most types of fuel cells, which conduct. Krumpelt, solid oxide fuel cell with improved mechanical and electrical. Fundamentals, design and applications provides a comprehensive discussion of solid oxide fuel cells sofcs. Report on the status of the solid oxide fuel cell program. Degradation in solid oxide cells during high temperature.
Part i covers the latest developments of anode, electrolyte, and cathode materials as well as the sofc technologies. Everything you need to know about solid oxide fuel cells. Solid oxide fuel cell sofc program shailesh vora technology manager, fuel cells. In addition to the fuel cell stack, the major components in the system are.
Myers, powder metallurgy and solid oxide fuel cells, 2003 international conference on powder metallurgy and particulate materials, las vegas, nv 2003. Transport of positive or negative charges, which takes place in the direction of down or upgradient electric potential, respectively, within the composite electrodes and through the electrolyte membrane, is mimicked by making use of an algorithm for fickian. In order to preserve mission flexibility, fuel cells are being studied as a potential power source. Here, we describe a solid oxide fuel cell that combines a catalyst layer with a conventional anode, allowing internal. Solid oxide fuel cells sofcs offer a stable and efficient way to generate clean electrochemical power, but are impractical for use in. Schiller german aerospace center dlr institute of technical thermodynamics. A special type of fuel cell, the solid oxide fuel cell sofc, may be able to raise efficiency to 8590%.
Pdf solid oxide fuel cell lifetime and reliability. Program and abstracts, author, abstractnote ninety nine brief papers are arranged under the following session headings. The present sofc technology is based on an allceramic design, which eliminates the corrosion problems associated with fuel cells containing liquid electrolytes. Us solid oxide fuel cell powerplant development and. The sofc mechanism, solid and gas phases, is the simplest compared to other types of fuel cells like molten carbonate fuel cells. The dense electrolyte is sandwiched between two porous electrodes, the anode and the cathode the anodeelectrolytecathode sandwich is referred to as a single.
From electrolytebased to electrolytefree devices is divided into three parts. Goodenough, in solid oxide fuel cell technology, 2009 abstract. Training on cells selection, design, manufacturing, testing, safety, and transportation and disposal aspects of energy sources. The heat is then used to heat water to be electrolyzed during the charge mode. Pdf numerical modeling of solid oxide fuel cells semantic. Ysz porous anode and then the produced hydrogen electrochemically reacts with oxide ion to generate electric power. A solid oxide fuel cell sofc is an electrochemical energy conversion device that produces electricity directly from. Optimal design and operation of solid oxide fuel cell. Solid oxide fuel cell dynamic optimization apmonitor.
Dynamic simulation of an integrated solid oxide fuel cell. Polymer electrolyte fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and solid oxide fuel cell. Riso dtu now dtu energy conversion works closely together with topsoe fuel cell as in their effort to bring competitive sofc systems to the market. Oct 11, 2005 a twodimensional dynamic model was created for a siemens westinghouse type tubular solid oxide fuel cell sofc. Fuel cell technologies that were evaluated included high temperature fuel cells such as solid oxide fuel cells and molten carbonate fuel cells, and lowmid temperature 80200 deg c fuel cells. Doe office of fossil energy solid oxide fuel cell sofc program. For the first time, the charge density distributions have been studied in these materials as synthesized by high temperature solid state reaction. Illustration of the geothermic fuel cell concept, solid oxide fuel cells. Emerging manufacturing technologies for fuel cells and electrolyzers. Fuel cell component an overview sciencedirect topics. Fuel cell technology two different design configurations are being developed for solid oxide fuel cells, motivated by 1 considerations of how to seal the anode and cathode compartments, 2 ease of manufacturing, and 3 minimizing losses due to electric resistance. Report on the status of the solid oxide fuel cell program page 2 usable power. Molten carbonate fuel cells mcfc and solid oxide fuel cells sofc both operate at high temperature 6001,000o c, and are targeted at medium and largescale stationary power generation.
Solid oxide fuel cell an overview sciencedirect topics. Improving lifetime performance of sofc for truck apus. It includes electrochemical energy technology as in energy conversion and. Fuel cells were invented over a century ago and have been used in practically every nasa space mission since the 1960s. Logistic fuels for use in fuel cell applications, fuel cell seminar program and.
Aiming at a working cathode material for itsofc, a recently reported. Solid oxide fuel cell sofc materials, ebook pdf materials. The articles in this issue of mrs bulletin highlight the enormous potential of, and recent progress toward, operating sofcs at lower temperatures fuel cells that have received varying degrees of development attention. It provides a fundamental understanding of sofcs by covering the present stateoftheart as well as ongoing research and future challenges to be solved. Takeda, ecs transactions10th international symposium on solid cussed in the areas of the optimisation of the cell performances oxide fuel cells, sofcx, jun 38 2007, japan, 2007.
Solid oxide fuel cells s olid oxide fuel cells sofcs offer a clean, lowpollution technology to electrochemically generate electricity at high efficiencies. Soecs can also be used to do electrolysis of co 2 to produce co and oxygen or even coelectrolysis of water and co 2 to produce syngas and oxygen. In this paper we discuss the design and operation of the sofc. The cover picture shows a schematic illustration of an ammonia. It has zero emissions, which makes it an ecofriendly technology. Oct 29, 2004 a solid oxide fuel cell sofc is an energy conversion device that produces electricity by electrochemically combining a fuel and an oxidant across an ionic conducting oxide electrolyte. Integration of micro solid oxide fuel cells in power generator. Oct 08, 2009 the composition and microstructure of cathode materials has a large impact on the performance of solid oxide fuel cells sofcs. Presently, the 80c proton exchange membrane pem and the 700c solid oxide fuel cell sofc have been identified as the likely fuel cell technologies that will capture the most significant market share 1,2. Unlike other fuel cells the sofc is a solid state device which operates at elevated temperatures. This page contains fuel cell seminar and ppt with pdf report. Solid oxide fuel cell manufacturing overview author.
A schematic diagram of an sofc system fueled with methanol is shown in. Fuel and air react along electrodeelectrolyte interfaces, producing. These materials have applications in solid oxide fuel cells, high temperature nox sensors, hard disk read heads, magnetic sensors and magnetoresistive random access memories. Fuel cells solid oxide the electrochemical society. Solid oxide fuel cells solid oxide fuel cells sofcs are solid state, hightemperature typically greater than 600 c, electrochemical devices that convert chemical energy from hydrogen or hydrocarbon fuels directly into electricity and thermal energy. Sofcs are the most efficient devices for the electrochemical conversion of chemical energy of hydrocarbon fuels into electricity, and have been gaining increasing attention for clean and efficient. To obtain good electrochemical performance with the currently used materials, this allceramic.
A solid oxide fuel cell is a device that produces electricity directly from oxidizing hydrogen. Aug 06, 2016 sofc solid oxide fuel cell use solid electrolytes to transport ions, either protonconducting or oxygen ion conducting perovskites as electrode components, sometimes electrolyte usually use either hydrogen gas or natural gas as fuel current operating temperature 700 c 4. The solid oxide fuel cell sofc continues to show great promise for the generation of electricity for an increasing range of applications. Operation at temperature lower than the tubular sofc enables less exotic materials of construction, thus cost saving. Zhu will introduce his coordinated ec turkeychina nanocofc network advanced. Isenberg, energy conversion via solid oxide electrochemical. Fclu public seminar nanocofc advanced low temperature. Brownmillerite and aurivillius electrolytes for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell 4. A solid oxide electrolyser cell soec is a solid oxide fuel cell set in regenerative mode for the electrolysis of water with a solid oxide, or ceramic, electrolyte to produce oxygen and hydrogen gas.
What is a solid oxide fuel cell and how fuel cells. In sofc, other than some precious material, a solid ceramic material is used for the electrolyte, and viable fuels can be used without a separate. The evolution of the pem stationary fuel cell in the us. In 1992, japan held a seminar involving 19 participating countries 8. The solid oxide fuel cell sofc is an attractive technology for the generation of electricity with high efficiency and low emissions. Ganesh 100518745311 turbomachinery introduction the first fuel cells were invented in 1838. To enable the generation of efficient, lowcost electricity. Aiming at a working cathode material for it sofc, a recently reported. Kim 45 use of the blacksea water containing hydrogen sulfide h 2 s as a fuel cell fuel a. Solid oxide fuel cells illinois institute of technology. A family of sealant materials has been developed for use in the solid oxide fuel cell sofc and in other applications in the temperature range of 800 c. These fuel cells are small and quiet enough for household use, unlike combustion turbines.
Understanding intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells 2. Solid oxide fuel cells sofcs are unique in their ability to directly convert the chemical energy of a wide variety of fuels to electric power with unmatched energy conversion efficiency. Solid oxide fuel cells use an electrolyte that conducts oxide. A solid oxide regenerative fuel cell sorfc system stores waste heat from the fuel cell in a heat storage material during the discharge mode. A particular problem is the migration of silica from such glasses especially onto the anodes causing degradation in cell performance. The solid oxide fuel cell sofc offers great promise and is presently the subject of intense research activity. There are six different types of fuel cells that have received varying degrees of development attention. This sofc model was integrated with simulation modules for other system components e. Progress in metalsupported solid oxide fuel cells g. Solid oxide fuel cell diesel auxiliary power unit demonstration author. This paper presents a numerical model for a planar solid oxide fuel cell sofc with mixed ionicelectronic conducting electrodes.
Solid oxide fuel cell market size, trends global industry. Get the preannouncement 2022 european fuel cell forum virtual. T bardoli,surat december,2017 fuel cell a fuel cell is an electrochemical cell that converts the chemical energy from a fuel into electricity through an electrochemical reaction of hydrogen fuel with oxygen or another oxidizing agent. Solid oxide fuel cell sofc powerplants have many potential attributes which make them suitable for distributed generation applications. Efficiency is about 60 percent, and operating temperatures are about 1,000 c about 1,800 f. Since then, fuel cells have been used in many other. Vora technology manager, fuel cells national energy technology laboratory netl april 29, 2019 u.
Solid oxide fuel cells are the main technologies used in stationary power. Rational design of materials composition through controlled oxygen nonstoichiometry and defect aspects can enhance the ionic and electronic conductivities as well as the catalytic properties for oxygen reduction in the cathode. One of the important aspects of sofc components is the transport behavior of charged particles. Solid oxide fuel cell mathematical model for simulation of a step response and optimizing control. Intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells 1st edition. May 01, 2020 proton exchange membrane pem fuel cells, also known as hydrogen fuel cells, and solid oxide fuel cells share the same basic operating principles yet have many differences.
Nov 16, 2015 current fuel cell designs are about 60% efficient, on par with many power plants, but also have the potential to climb to 80% or higher 12. Minimization of rate variations in solid oxide fuel cell channles author. They are unique in that they can be used for a wide range of applications, from generating power for satellites and space capsules, to powering fuel cell vehicles like automobiles, buses, or boats, to generating primary or emergency backup power for buildings. Fclu public seminar nanocofc advanced low temperature solid oxide fuel cells and polygenerations prof. Creates electricity through electrochemical process. Solid oxide fuel cell, nanostructure, bscf, coprecipitation, solgel. Doe office of fossil energy solid oxide fuel cell sofc. Download pdf hybrid systems based on solid oxide fuel. Technology manager, fuel cells national energy technology laboratory netl april 29, 2019 u.
Drawing of a solid oxide cell solid oxide fuel cells sofc use a hard, ceramic compound of metal like calcium or zirconium oxides chemically, o 2 as electrolyte. Mar 31, 2005 there are substantial barriers to the introduction of hydrogen fuel cells for transportation, including the high cost of fuel cell systems, the current lack of a hydrogen infrastructure, and the relatively low fuel efficiency when using hydrogen produced from hydrocarbons. Solid oxide fuel cells viii, electrochemical society proceedings, 200307, ed. As the manager of does stationary fuel cell program, the worlds largest program of its kind, dr. Part ii discusses the nonelectrolyte or semiconductorbased membrane fuel cells.
The supplied ammonia fuel is first decomposed into hydrogen and nitrogen in the ni. A ceramic fuel cell in an all solid state energy conversion device that produces electricity by electrochemically combining fuel and oxidant gases across an ionic conducting oxide. Thermodynamics, polarizations, and intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell performance 3. Bin zhu professor candidate, department of energy technology royal institute of technology kth, sweden abstract prof. For this reason, the sofc is also referred to as ceramic fuel cell. Solid oxide fuel cell technologyfeatures and applications. Fuel cells have the highest known efficiency of any energy conversion device an efficiency which further increases at part load. Minimization of rate variations in solid oxide fuel cell. Here are two of these differences impacting how these technologies are being used today. The first commercial use of fuel cells came more than a century later in nasa space programs to generate power for satellites and space capsules. Pdf the first solid oxide fuel cell sofc was developed in 1937.
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